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German Bohemians, later known as the Sudeten Germans, were ethnic Germans living in the Lands of the Bohemian Crown, which later became an integral part of the state of Czechoslovakia. Before 1945, Czechoslovakia was inhabited by over three million such German Bohemians,〔"(Expellee 'Provocation': Prague Refuses Apology to Sudeten Germans )". ''Der Spiegel''. June 14, 2011.〕 comprising about 23 percent of the population of the whole republic and about 29.5 percent of the population of Bohemia and Moravia.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://notes3.czso.cz/sldb/sldb.nsf/i/graf_2_narodnostni_slozeni_obyvatelstva )〕 Ethnic Germans had lived in Bohemia, a part of the Holy Roman Empire, since the 14th century (and in some areas from the 12th century or earlier), mostly in the border regions of the Sudetenland. They became known as the Sudeten Germans after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which was a consequence of the First World War. After 1945, most ethnic Germans were expelled from Czechoslovakia, and sent to Germany and Austria. The area that became known as the Sudetenland possessed huge chemical works and lignite mines, as well as textile, china, and glass factories. The Bohemian border with Bavaria was inhabited primarily by Germans. The Upper Palatine Forest, which extends along the Bavarian frontier and into the poor agricultural areas of southern Bohemia, was an important area of German settlement. Moravia contained patches of "locked" German territory to the north and south. More characteristic were the German language islands: towns inhabited by important German minorities and surrounded by Czechs. German population in the area was highly nationalistic and looked down on Czechs.〔Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe By Rogers Brubaker page 127〕 Not all ethnic Germans lived in isolated and well-defined areas; for historical reasons, Czechs and Germans mixed in many places and at least a partial knowledge of the second language was quite common. Nevertheless, since the second half of the 19th century, Czechs and Germans created separate cultural, educational, political and economic institutions which kept both groups isolated from each other. This form of separation continued until the end of the Second World War, when the Germans were expelled. ==Names== In the English language, ethnic Germans that originated in the Kingdom of Bohemia were traditionally referred to as ″German Bohemians″.〔(The German Bohemia Province )〕〔http://www.thesocialcontract.com/pdf/six-four/bohemian.pdf〕 This appellation utilizes the broad definition of Bohemia, which includes all of the three Bohemian crown lands: Bohemia, Moravia and Czech Silesia.〔The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05〕 In the German language, it is more common to distinguish between the three lands, hence the prominent terms ''Deutschböhmen'' (German Bohemians), ''Deutschmährer'' (German Moravians) and ''Deutschschlesier'' (German Silesians).〔(Stets ein guter und zuverlässiger Deutschmährer. Zur Laufbahn von Bertold Bretholz (1862-1936). - Publication details )〕 Even in German, however, the broader use of ″Bohemian″ is also found.〔(Deutsche Biographie )〕 The term ″Sudeten Germans″ (''Sudetendeutsche'') came about during rising ethnic nationalism in the early 20th century, after the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in the First World War. It coincided with the rise of another new term, ″the Sudetenland″, which referred only to the parts of the former Kingdom of Bohemia that were inhabited predominantly by ethnic Germans. These names were derived from the Sudeten Mountains, which form the northern border of the Czech lands. As these terms were heavily used by the Nazi German regime to push forward the creation of a Greater Germanic Reich, many contemporary Germans avoid them in favor of the traditional names.〔(BBC NEWS | Europe | The Sudeten Germans' forgotten fate )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sudeten Germans」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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